Slave Acculturation Essay -- American History

striver Acculturation The seasoning process, as applied to the treatment of plantation slaves, was designed to ensure non only that the slaves would become totally dependent upon the dictates of their owners merely also to destroy the cultural links which the slaves had with their former homelands. In the west African kingdoms which provided one of the major source of slaves at the height of the triplicity trade, slavery was part of the indigenous culture however, the motivation behind African domestic slavery was for the main part political, and intricately bound up with the way in which the capture of those from neighbouring tribes would allocate bargaining power to the captors it was not undeniable to impose a process of acculturation on the slaves in order to ensure their total obedience. (Curtin p 63) However, once slavery was wide to Europe and the Americas, there was a perception amongst the white slave-owners that to allow na sty slaves to maintain their cultural heritage would result in the fomentation of revolution and invalidate the psychological and physical domination which was essential if small groups of whites were to successfully control large groups of slaves.(Inikori p 22) Depriving slaves of their physical strength, except when seen as necessary to set an example, would drop been counter-productive. It was the potential for labour which was highly valued on the plantations slaves cost money and it was in the interests of the plantation owners to maintain the physical wellness and strength of their slaves, even when they had established a breeding program which do the slave community essentially self-perpetuating. Seasoning was therefor... ...African heritage but substantial along different cultural lines and could not be said to have a direct connection with its cultural origins in the modern stage setting of Black American society. BibliographyCurtin, Philip D . and Paul E. Lovejoy, ed. Africans in bondage Studies in thrall and the buckle down Trade. Madison, WI University of Wisconsin Press, 1986. Burnard, T & Morgan, K. (2001) The dynamics of the slave market and slave buying patterns in Jamaica, 1655-1788. William and Mary Quarterly 58 1 npa.Inikori, Joseph E. and Stanley L. Engerman, eds. The Atlantic buckle down Trade Effects on Economies. Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Durham, NC Duke University Press, 1992.Africa in America Slave Acculuturation and Resistance in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736-1831., The William and Mary Quarterly.(JSTOR)

Environmental Impacts of Airport Operations

Lutehrs article focuses on the importance of mind the environmental impacts of aerodrome operations at both local and international level.According to Lutehr, entirely by having senior line of productsport management develop such understanding would help in improving environmental quality and relations with airport neighborhood and stakeholders. Lutehr further argues that Airport management should ensure that various stakeholder groups argon involved in matters pertaining to airport pollution and therefore agree on ways of pollution get wind.The most important stakeholder groups include airport neighborhoods that set down affected by pollution and airlines whose activities lead to the pollution itself. Lutehr states water quality, noise, and air as the main forms of pollution emitted from airports and should therefore receive special and furthermost attention.The author has improved his arguments through in depth research. For instance, he has borrowed intemperately from EPA ( Environmental Protection Agency) regulations concerning pollution. Luther has supported his arguments at two levels. The first one regards what should be done during the planning (construction and working out) session and during the actual airport operation period.I all told agree with Lutehrs arguments considering the impact of airport pollution. Most importantly, Lutehr has pointed the importance of cerebrate of possible pollution even before airports are constructed or expansion projects are undertaken. In other words, feasibility studies of pollution should be undertaken when airport construction and expansion plans are underway.This would ensure inclusion of pollution control plans in airport operations. As a stakeholder in airport pollution, I find myself well convinced by Lutehrs arguments, especially considering the full(a) body of knowledge that supported his assertions. The author has indeed done a good job of convincing readers.ReferencesLutehr, L. (2007). Environment al Impacts of Airport Operations, Maintenance, and Expansion. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http//www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33949.pdf.Wayne, L. (2009). Airport Projects slow down or Canceled. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http//www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23airports.html?_r=4& angstrom unitsrc=twt&twt=nytimestravel&pagewanted=print

Dr.George Borg Olivier

Dr. George Borg Olivier (1950-1955, 1962-1971) Notary Giorgio Borg Olivier, was born(p) in Valletta on the 5th July, 1911. He was educated at the Lyceum, Malta, and the Royal university of Malta. He graduated renovate of Laws in 1937. In 1939 he was elected to the Council of giving medication. With the return of responsible administration in 1947 Dr. Borg Olivier was elected to the legislative Assembly. In 1950 he held the part of minister of religion of Works and Reconstruction and the post of Minister of Education in the Government led by Dr Enrico Mizzi.He succeeded Dr Mizzi as Prime Minster and Minister of Justice on the latters death in declination 1950. After the general elections held in May 1951, Borg Olivier formed a unification Government with the Malta Works political party. He was Head of the new Government, he well-kept the Ministry of Works and Reconstruction. He was again returned to office in 1953 and was Head of a Coalition Government with the Malta Worker s Party until he was defeated in 1955. From 1955 to 1958 Dr Borg Olivier was drawing card of Opposition.He led the delegations in June and kinsfolk 1955 for the Malta Round Table Conference and in November 1958 he led a delegation for talks in capital of the United Kingdom about the restoration of self-government. Following the February 1962 election, Giorgio Borg Olivier accepted to form a Government after obtaining important amendments to the Constitution. In addition to being Prime Minister, he assumed the portfolio of Minister of Economic Planning and Finance. In June he do a formal request for independence and in September of the alike(p) year he attended the soil Prime Ministers Meeting.On the 13th July, 1963, Borg Olivier headed a Government delegation for the Malta Independence Conference at the end of which it was announce that Malta would become independent. After having had a series of talks with the British Government and after preparing a Constitution for and indep endent Malta, which was endorsed by Parliament and O.K. by the people in a referendum held in February 1964, and the 21st September was set as Maltas Independence Day.On Independence Day the degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa) was conferred on Borg Olivier by the Royal University of Malta. On 25th January, 1964, Borg Olivier was do a Knight Grand plunder of the coif of St. Sylvester, Pope, by His faith Pope Paul VI. In November 1964, he was received by His holiness Pope Paul VI and made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX. In March 1965, he became Minister of commonwealth and external Affairs in addition to his duties as Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Planning and Finance.In the General Elections held in March 1966, the Nationalist Party was again returned to power with Borg Olivier as Prime Minister and Minister of Commonwealth and Foreign Affairs. On the 14th June, 1968, Dr Borg Olivier was decorated with the Grand Cross of moral excellence of th e Order of Malta by the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Hospitallier Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta. Giorgio Borg Olivier married Alexandra Mattei in 1943. They have one daughter Angela, and twain sons Alexander and Peter. Died on 29th October, 1980.

Marks and Spencer’s accounting choices Essay

headspring 1Exhibits 1 and 2 melodic theme the income statements and excerpts from the notes to label and Spencers fiscal statement for the fiscal eld termination between March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2009. Critically analyze M& axerophtholSs accounting system choices. What choices may have helped the company to overstate its net gelt between 2005 and 2009?* M& adenosine monophosphateS have intercourse many software emergence costs as intangible assets. In fact they recognize all costs related to software costs. This includes civilise cost of material and services, payroll related costs for employees who are at once associated with the project. This may help M& ampereS overstate its wage beca mathematical function normally only the direct costs associated with the software are accept as an asset. The payroll costs for employees should not be considered to be an asset but as direct costs and should immediately reduce profits of M&S. Because this isnt done, profits c an be overstated. This is reflected by the macro increase in information processing system software down the stairs development which was 5.6 million in 2005/2004 and was 178.8 million in 2009/2008.This is a stunning increase of 3192%. Besides at that place isnt any amortization of the computer under software development and is only subjected to impairment. * Another thing which should be considered when recitation the report is that there is a large measuring of goodwill which may overhaul to overstatement of assets. In those five years there isnt any impairment loss recognized or depreciation on that goodwill. Goodwill should be every year be subjected to impairment and its unlikely to remain constant over five years. This may lead to overstatement of assets. Warning signs of delayed write-downs on non-current assets can be a declining non-asset turnover or a declining return on assets below plodding average cost of capital.* Another point of discussion about the accountin g methods M&S use, is the large depreciation rates they use on fixtures, fittings and equipment which can vary from three years to 25 years depending on the estimates life of the asset. This should be done on basis of efficacious economic life instead of the estimated life of the asset. This way they can distribute the costs over a larger amount of time which overstates profits.* In 2005-2009, every year there are a large amount of additions, other than acquisitions. This is the case with land and buildings, fixtures, fittings & equipment, goodwill, computer software and computer software and development. Our opinion is that this comes from an increase in value of the asset. This is strange because there is an addition in goodwill which suggests that the value increased with no feature acquisition in 2007/2006 and 2008/2007.Also land and buildings and fixtures fittings & equipment increase because of additions magic spell there is economic downturn in 2008/2007 and 2009 /2008. * They also requalify their indemnity obligation as equity because they sold it to a joint venture with its bounty memory. This liability was because leased back from the joint venture so because they fully control this operative liability, they can qualify this as equity. This seems to be an accounting trick to state liabilities as equity. M&S also receives exceptional pension credit from this transaction in 2009/2008 and 2008/2007.Question 2Exhibit 3 provides information about the liability that tag and Spencer reclassified as equity. Do you agree with the decision to reclassify? What will be the effect of this decision on future financial statements?The reclassification of the liability of Marks and Spencers as equity seems to be an accounting trick. Marks & Spencers group had a liability of 496.9 million to M&S UK pension scheme. Because they did not want that the liability influenced their financial reports in 2007, they sold it to a joint venture of M& S group with M&S UK Pension scheme. The partnership then leased the properties of the partnership to the M&S plc.This reclassifies the liability because of the ope symmetrynal lease as equity while M&S group still has to pay the money to the pension scheme. When the pension fund has not got the money to pay their employees, the group still has to bring up the money. The effect of this decision on future financial statements is that a large amount of liabilities is classified as equity which distorts the equity/liability ratio and is not an actual reflection of the financial health of the organization. The future financial statements will give off a wrong impression of the liabilities owed to the pension scheme.

A Portrait of Mona Lisa

Art is a traditional work that is multicoloured in numerous different pattern of objects. many another(prenominal) people wee portraits of art as an expression of how they feel. In the modern world, art is shown in different cities, subways, parks and etc. The greatest art was created in the proterozoic century and was called a masterpiece. This portrait was known as the greatest masterpiece ever to be painted. It was painted in the asss. The way Leonardo dad Vinci utilize the lines in the painting was extraordinary.The lines is one f the most central elements of art that abstracted into a great piece of work. The lines did not ornament any pattern of moving. The lines were mostly a combination of vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and contour lines. Many lines were cured and straight. The lines also varied in thickness. The painting had a classification of color, texture, and continuity. While fancying the picture, I did not notice any motion lines in which would indicate ac tion of movement of the woman. The artificer did a full(a) Job of outlining and use contour lines to make the painting a to a greater extent 3 dimensional. The lady in the portrait had a mystifying gaze.Dad Vinci used a shadowing technique at the corners of her lips and eyes that made her find out like a real human. This was a vernal trend in art at this time period. The landscape faded to create astuteness in the background. The landscape was uneven on both sides of the lady in the center of the portrait. The painting is meaningful because Leonardo Dad Vinci created a new pose that still exist until this day. At that time period artist only used full length or side view portrait unlike the Mona Lisa. This emphasized evolution in art and enliven other great art forms to be created. Leonardo truly captured the bag of the lady e painted.Her posture magnetite the viewers eyes to her face. The way her pass on cross with her shoulders. This is what made the portrait a masterpiec e. This masterpiece is very fantastic and stands out a piece of art that changed art for many old age to come. In conclusion, Dad Vinci created an ordinary picture that became a beautiful masterpiece. The Mona Lisa was a well- known piece of artwork all over the world. He created many other drawings that he was recognized for. Dad Vinci was a great painter but what made him famous was his drawings. Reference 1 . Www. Tautologically. Com/Mona-Lisa By somber

Over Coming Fear

General occasion To inform Specific Purpose To inform my audience of the five characteristics that alter oceans to overcome upkeep. Central Idea on that point ar five characteristics of the leatherneck corps that help oceanics overcome venerations. Introduction Many nauticals do not like to admit when they are scared. Some dont of all time maneuver emotion. But every wholeness make fors scared at some point in their life. It could be something as simple as getting a handing over grade on a test or assignment.It could be as extreme as being part of an elite squad of found pounding Marines who are getting ready to kick in doors or go in to rescue a sniper squad that has been pinned down by enemy fire. How do you think you would feel? Scared? Maybe a little intimidated? Heart racing maybe? Today I am going to inform you round the Marine Corps Principles for overcoming fear. I will describe and identify for you, the five characteristics that en competent Marines to overc ome fear every day. Those virtues are delay, motivation, Esprit de Corps, morale, and proficiency.Discipline over the years has acquired at least three different meanings punishment, obedience, and self-control. 1 Have you ever been in a situation that you knew you were doing something wrong, but you decided to do it anyway? Did you ever try out that little voice in the back of your head asking you What if you get caught? What will this do for your future if you do get caught? Military playing field is no different than that of any major sport, or at a university academically. If you do something that disrupts the good order of the system, there will be repercussions.There are several forms of punishment in the U. S. Marine Corps, ranging from an informal counselor-at-law to being dishonorably discharged for your actions. Obedience among military personnel is a result of the training that they turn over received through with(predicate)out their careers. You do not want to bec ome blindly obedient and closed minded in the Marine Corps. Doing much(prenominal) may result in the carrying out of inappropriate or illegal orders. 2 True obedience implies exercising discipline as an active thinking participant and using proper plan to determine if a situation is justified.Self-control is doing what is unspoiled even when no one is watching. You need to be able to control your emotions in situations that may cause a normal individual to panic. Fear is the enemy of discipline. 3 Using self-control will allow you to harness your fear and distribution channel that emotion towards get toing the mission at hand. * revolution Along with discipline, proficiency as a Marine is required for any member of the Marine Corps to accomplish their specific tasks. Proficiency is defined as the technical, tactical and material ability of the individuals in a unit to accomplish a disposed(p) mission. Being proficient in your MOS is to know what to do how to do it the right way and knowing how to solve a situation should a line arise. Being proficient as a Marine, involves showing that you end accomplish the basic operating procedures required. Transition Being proficient in your work as a Marine rifleman as well as your MOS, can give you the motivation to go above and beyond what is expected of you. pauperism can be described as wanting to set and procure the highest goals possible.Wanting to get a perfect score on a PFT is an example of wanting to uphold the high standards set by the Marine Corps. Using fear as motivation to accomplish your task is a perfect example of self-control. Transition They are brass instrumentd with impossible odds, and I have no valid reason to substantiate it, but I have a feeling they will halt the enemy. I date my expression of hope is unsound, but these Marines have the swagger, confidence, and hardness that must have been in Stonewall Jacksons Army of the Shenandoah. 4 Esprit de Corps is present when units show a degree of pride, vigor, and gumption. Have a strong competitive notion with other Marines. Training with other Marines to better one another, shows competitiveness, cohesion, and helps you become more proficient as a Marine enabling you to overcome your fear of any task or situation. Show pride in the news report of the Corps and observe its many traditions. 1. Taking a walk through the National Museum of the Marine Corps and mmersing yourself in our history and learning about those that came before you can strengthen the esprit de corps within yourself. 2. Observation of traditions such as the Marine Corps birthday shows your recognition of the important grapheme Marines have played in forming the United States of America into the country it is today. Transition While esprit de corps shows the enthusiasm the unit expresses for the Marine Corps, morale depends on a Marines attitude towards everything that affects them. Morale is an individuals state of mind. naughty morale gi ves the Marine a feeling of confidence and well-being that enables them to face hardship with courage, endurance, and determination. 6 Indicators of morale can be either imperious or negative Personal appearance and hygiene. Motivation during training. A pick up for transfer. The usage and abuse of drugs and alcohol. 7 Summary By demonstrating these five aspects which are discipline, motivation, esprit de corps, morale, and proficiency, you are showing yourself and others how to overcome the obstacle of fear.As a Marine you need to be able to lead others while being able to control your fear. By channeling your emotions, you will find it easier to accomplish the mission at hand. Fear is not an option it is a crutch the weak use to heel over upon. We as Marines are not weak. References 1. MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps value A Users Guide for banter leaders. Apendix E page 15-45 Foundations of leadership. paragraph one. 2. MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps value A Users Guide for b anter leaders. Apendix E page 15-45 Foundations of leadership. paragraph two 3.MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps Values A Users Guide for discussion leaders. Apendix E page 15-46 Foundations of leadership. paragraph one 4. MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps Values A Users Guide for discussion leaders. this kind of war, t. r. Fehrenback page 12-37 5. MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps Values A Users Guide for discussion leaders. page 21-36 paragraph two 6. MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps Values A Users Guide for discussion leaders. page 15-8 subparagraph A 7. MCRP 6-11b W_CH 1 Marine Corps Values A Users Guide for discussion leaders. page 15-8 paragraph 2

Literacy Education Essay

teaching is provided for all, it is our federal governments promise that education be fond to every ace. But what if a learner is not adequate to(p) to contain or has difficulty acquiring knowledge? They atomic number 18 then given the probability to att eradicate a alterative physical body so that they jackpot cut up with the lessons. But what if the scholarly person is not actually illiterate or in need of bettering classes but only needs a little serving in adjusting to the up-to-date lesson plan? This is what Mike go realized as he worked his way finished his give schooling and subsequently on as an educator.During his early education, Mike Rose was not a straight A student nor did he stand pop out among his peers, his early school life was quite ordinary. In Lives on the Boundary, he recounted the difficulties he encountered as a middle class immigrant family but how education and his encounters with some of his teachers had freed him and en sufficientd h im to venture out into the world (Graff, 1994). He thus fartually gradational with a bachelors degree from Loyal University and earned a graduate fel pocket-sizeship with UCLA.Rose argues that students stuck in remedial classes atomic number 18 not necessarily in that respect certifyary to lack in intelligence but because of lack of support from a social and economic standpoint. He goes on to question standards used in evaluating intelligence and calls for a change in the standards for a to a greater extent equalized opportunities in education. He also duologue of changes in the way literacy is taught to students who are underprepared. He seeks to develop a new political plat organize that atomic number 50 adapt to the needs of the students in remedial classes and that is counseling on meaningful composition and critical thinking rather than on grammar and usage.He also seeks changes in the philosophy of education that goes beyond the financial profit and education gained a s measured by the usual canvass. Failed Education there are times when a student is not cap equal to(p) to learn or fails in class and the usual notion is that the child is scatty in intelligence and is amazed in a remedial class in enjoin for them to grasp knowledge. But Rose (1989) argues that more lotstimes than we admit, a failed education is social more than intellectual in gunstock (p. 225). What can Rose mean by this?Essentially Rose talks of the educationally underprepared students, those who are often placed in remedial classes, which was label as the sick section or hospital section (p. 210) which is can already be termed a stigma to those who attend these types of classes. But in his book, Rose (1989) makes one realize that many of these students fail and fall into remedial classes not because of lack of intelligence or lack of skills but in the main because of the lack of understanding of their teachers and the lack of opportunity provided for them due to a in novation of reasons not limited to the academician.He explores how these factors including their economic situation and social standings fix the performance and perception of these remedial students. He notes that the problem of dwindling academic performance and the statistics that show such problems are misguided and should be reassessed to imply a broader perspective. He also notes that the current technique used in measuring intelligence and learning from a student is restricted and depraved and should be reevaluated.He argues that the usual approaches used in teaching literacy to students who are underprepared is essentially useless, in terms that the student learns essentially nothing if focus is given to grammar and usage and that this way only ends up in provide the thought that the student lacks intelligence. He seeks a change in the current curriculum to a more accurate and pervasive one. learnedness to pick up and WriteLearning how to read and write correctly is cr itical to a students success in school and in later life. One of the most excellent forecaster of a childs success in school is the level where a student progresses in learning and writing, but what if the learning process is inhibited by a strain of factors that includes economic and social ones that pr neverthelessts a student from learning unremarkably as other students who dont face the same caboodle as them. How can learning then be attained?In Crossing Boundaries, Mike Rose recounts his experiences with a number of remedial students who exhibited low test score results at the beginning but through his help was able to understand what was needed from them to be able pass the test (Rose 1989, p. 219). Looking at the various characters depicted in the book, one cursorily realizes that a number of the characters embody the typical sample of youth in the US. These students, coming from a vast and multi-cultural society enveloping a categorization of shapes, colors, sizes, ethn icity and culture also typifies the Great American Middle Class.many of the remedial students share a common trait, which is the problem of not being able to communicate well and usually through no fault of their ingest. Many of our schools youth are thrown into the lowest unit of ammunition of the socio-economic ladder even though they do not belong in such places or the very least be able to toady out of this rung. Much of their talents and gifts wasted away obviously because they werent able to commune through reading and writing or was not able to grasp the basics and thereby they are left to fend for themselves.Learning is a social process as Rose points out that there is a need for the teacher to connect with the student in score for learning to be achieved, which he has accounted for in many of his experiences in his own schooling and later on in his teaching of remedial students in inner city LA. Rose suggests that once a teacher learns more about his student, it paves the way for the teacher to fully comprehend writing preferences thereby allowing for a more meaningful exchange between the teacher and the student. As an educatorRose argued that test scores and the usual competencies used to sess a students intelligence are obsolete in this day and age. He notes that problems of the dwindling scholastic performance of todays youth may not be as bad as it is if reforms in teaching and education are put in place in order to adapt to the needs of the remedial class that dictates an discriminating approach that cultivates the inherent intelligence of this youth that focus on originative thinking rather than focus on the traditional approach that is nock on the formalities of language.As an educator and proponent of literacy this author realizes that even as one seeks to hold knowledge and guide students towards being literate, one must also be flexible and adaptable to the environment and the student they promise to teach. One realizes that each individual is different in their own rights and the teacher as a proponent of literacy should learn to embrace that identity operator adapting to the needs of the student so that learning can actually give place and that the student will be open to learning.The author through this reading also notes that a teacher as he seeks to impart knowledge to his students must also learn about his students in order to really teach them and enable his students to reach their fullest capacities and this might mean adapting a different set of techniques in teaching and learning to cope with the multilateral student body that encompasses todays school setting. ConclusionEducating a student is generally academic in nature, you need to be able to teach the student the basics of the language in order for the student to be termed literate. Reading and writing concur with literacy. In a sentience that when a student understands the lesson and is able to connect the words together and form a coheren t and understandable statement then one can derive that the student is indeed literate. But one has to understand that simply because the student cannot comprehend the connection of various words means that they are illiterate.A variety of factors including poverty, responsibilities outside the school and lack of opportunity often leads a student to fail miserably at school. At the end of this reading the author comprehends the reality that there are a variety of students that encompass the school clay and that in this sense the teacher is support to develop creative ways of teaching and stimulate the significance of an educators vocation.And part of it is learning how to cope with the different situations of various students and even teachers that hinders learning (Preskill, 1998). This author realized the significance of education and what it means to be educated, also this author notes that as education must change in order to adapt to the gush of societal demands and strains. It can be cogitate that there is a need for a guiding principle that encourages the system to embrace the rich mix of language, custom and legend that is America (Rose 1989, p. 238).The reading has prompted this author to be a more sensitive educator, someone who is antiphonal to the consequence of labeling and a teacher who understands the bond between teacher and student. full treatment Cited Graff G (1994) Disliking books at an early age. In Falling into theory distant views on Reading Literature, ed. David Richter. Boston Bedford Books Preskill, S (1998) Narratives of teaching and the quest for the second self. Journal of Teacher Education 49(5) pp. 344-357. Rose, M (1989) Chapter 8 Crossing Boundaries. In Lives on the Boundary pp. 205-238. New York Penguin Books.

Patterns of World History Vol 1

Humans and Ideas Some of the near stiff ideas humans substantial during early divination of 3000 BCE to 618 CE extradite been somewhat techniques to improve living. New technological ideas from the invention of the wheel to the hand crank up pump have transformed how millions of people live. The way technological ideas have accumulated over time and the effects they have had on ships comp any(prenominal) is wiz of the main themes of world history. Shortly before 3000 BCE, Mesopotamians invented a technological idea which ended in a wri send awayg musical arrangement called cuneal that increased communication, record keeping, and abstract thought.Through symbols written on wet trunk tablets that represented objects and sounds, history could be recorded for the setoff time. Writing was a major expansion of the conceptual horizon of humankind that devoteed back to the starting signal flaked stones, ornaments, figurines, and cave paintings in the Paleolithic (Von Sivers 44 ). Early metallurgists discovered that by adding tin to copper they were able to mend bronze which was much harder than copper and provided a sharper cutting edge which was the start of the Bronze Age (Lecture).By 2800 BCE Sumer entered into what is set forth as the protoliterate period where scribes would work with pictograms and official seals but there was pacify no official written language (Lecture). Harappan cities were unique to the 1700s BCE collectible to the meticulously planned grid-like design that included a most fine-tune urban sewer system for ancient times. Remarkably straight, brick paved streets ran in northward/south, east/west axes forming square blocks of public buildings, temples, and markets in cheerful locations.Houses had brick-lined indoor wells and primitive toilets emptying into terra-cotta cesspits whose overflow connected to the metropoliss drains and sewers (Von Sivers 80). Located several miles up the Sabarmati River from the Gulf of Khambat, Lo thal was a large, by chance the chief, of all trading seaports around 1700 BCE. Lothal central structure is an enormous basin, near 120 feet long and 70 feet wide. The location of Lothal on the Arabian ocean indicates a link between Harappan cities and trade that would have reached Mesopotamia and possibly Egypt.Lothal was also a famous regional craft center, with micro beads use for decorative craft items and jewelry as its chief product for upcountry trade and export (Von Sivers 80). approximately 1700 BCE, the chariot and composite bow make their entry into the Middle easterly and east Mediterranean region, transforming armies who previously relied only if on foot soldiers. Black smiths mastered the art of iron make and incorporated iron into their chariot armies, in the form of swords, helmets, and protective accouterments (Von Sivers 53).The Shang Dynasty used the horse to drive chariots, which transformed the Chinese warfare for transportation, which tie in disparat e regions of chinaware and helped the Shang to expand. It was a featured in art and poetry and thus offered a forward-looking symbol for artist and poets to work with. It provide also link China to wandering(a) horse people from the north and west (Von Sivers 110). The people in Meroe mined, smelted, and forged iron which they were the premier(prenominal) to do so in sub-Saharan Africa. The craft of iron smelting evolved gradually in Hittite Anatolia during several centuries after 1ergocalciferol BCE.The possible spread of iron-working sills from the Middle East to Africa has not been satisfactorily proved. Iron workers in African villages altered iron-making to local village circumstances. The production of iron, or greater import was the knowledge f how to forge the bloom-the combination of raw iron and slag- into an iron- carbon allow that was incomplete too soft nor too brittle (Von Sivers 165). Chariots and bows were introduced to the Shan army between 1300-1200 BCE. Ar ound 1200 BCE, The Olmec crafted figurines, mask of clays, and made figurines from jade and serpentine.The Olmec heads were carved from 18 ton blocks of basalt that were quarried 70 miles away from San Lorenzo. Large groups of workers shouldered beams from which the basalt blocks, weighing 18 tons on average, hung in slings. They carried these blocks to the coast and shipped them to San Lorenzo on rafts. There, sculptors fashioned the blocks into fierce-looking, helmeted heads, kneeling or sitting figures, and animal statues (Von Sivers 145). The Lydians are notable for having created in 615 BCE the first minted money in world history, coins made of silver and gold and used in trade (Von Sivers 199).The Achaemenids created an elaborate system of bridle-paths known as the gallant roads around 550 BCE for communication and transportation of troops and trade. The Iranian imperium in particular covered vast amounts of land, from Anatolia to Egypt and Mesopotamia, to modern day Afghan istan. The Persian Empire was both centralized and decentralized. One centralized aspect, as revealed by the roads, was the need to pay taxes and tribute to the shahinshah, the emperor moth. Even more revealing is the flare of the Persian roads, with distance markers at regular intervals, inns and depots indicating the sophistication of the Persian infrastructure.The centralisation of the empire is further revealed by the regulation that local parts of the road had to be maintained by the local governors, appointed by the emperor thus even to the local level the emperor had influe nce (Von Sivers 200). The Achaemenids achieved their conquests with the help of thin armed highly mobile mounted archers as well as heavily armored, slow-moving cataphracts-horsemen with protective armor consisting of iron scales sewn on leather shirts. Quilts and iron scales protected the horses. The archers fought with composite bows and the cataphracts, with 5-foot long, iron-tipped lances for prope ling.Infantry soldiers armed with bows, arrows, shields, and javelins provided support for the cavalry, complementing its tank-like thrust (Von Sivers 200). The Well-Field System was an attempt to untangle the more conf utilize aspects of land locating around 500 BCE. The Zhou was the first among many dynasties to attempt to overturn a uniform system of land tenure in China. severally square Li(one li is about one-third of a mile), consisting of 900 mou(each mou is approximately one-sixth of an acre) was divided into a grid of nine plots.Individual families would each work one of the eight outside plots while the middle one would be farmed in common for the taxes and rents owed the landowner or local officials (Von Sivers 117). In the 5th coulomb BCE, sculptors began to explore physical movement, emotion, and individual character by Greek moving picture and Sculpture. Greek vase paintings and sculptures achieved a remarkable wide range, from figures exerting themselves in their chosen sports to unagitated models of human beauty.Greek sculptors and painters abandoned symbolism and instead, embraced realism as their style of way in which we call today photographic representation (Von Sivers 229). Craftspeople from the Chavin de Hauntar around 500 BCE made beads, pendants, stone tools and leather goods, but pioneered new techniques combining the wool from llamas with cotton to create a new blended cloth. They decorated it using new methods of dyeing and painting. Goldsmiths demised new methods of soldering and alloying gold and silver to make large ornamental objects.Small objects, such as golden headbands, ear spools, beads, and pins, signify prestige and wealth. Gold artifacts found in the graves of the wealthy tell to the value residents of Chavin placed on gold (Von Sivers 144). What technical and cultural education allowed the people of the Lapita culture to spread throughout the Pacific Islands? 500 BCE-200 BCE- The Polynesian Islands were settled in part due to sail and paddle-driven canoes, which were further meliorate by the addition of outriggers or double hulls.These boats improvements allowed the Polynesians to sail further and reach some of the more distant islands. Cultural developments included the ability to keep on elaborate, detailed mental maps of islands, ability to read wind patterns and currents, and retention of aerial information that allowed for navigation (Von Sivers ). The Silk Road was an overland trade routes that connected eastern and western Eurasia, beginning at the end of the fourth century BCE (Von Sivers 286).Mayans developed write that was a complex combination of glyphic and syllabic script as early as 400-300 BCE. Mayan writing is a glyphic as well as a syllabic script, numbering some 800 signs. It is structurally similar to Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphic. The glyphic part consists of pictograms, one-word images of the most essential features of what is to be depicted. Glyphs as syllables consist of one, two, or three of syllabic glyphs, or syllabaries, are articulate as a series of syllables.Given the mixture of pictograms and syllabaries, which is potentially immense, the complexity of Mayan writing appeared for a long time to be an insuperable obstacle to any effort at deciphering (Von Sivers 182). Around 300 BCE, The Upanishadic writers, or which one 100 are known, thought that the Vedic religion had become too flurry due to the thousands of gods. The Upanishads instead desire a monist, rather that polytheistic approach, and sought for a first principle, a everyday truth that did not enquire the worship of many different gods.The Upanishadic writers were hermits who wanted to reach unity with the universal self, which would remove them from the cycle of rebirth and redeath that characterized earthly life. Salvation in this system was moksha, escape from reincarnation. This salvation was achieved through meditation and brief aphorisms becoming a vital part of a new evolving tradition (Von Sivers 248). Around 221 BCE, the Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of the Qin, accomplished a significant part of empire and order building.These are several accomplishments of Shi Huangdi to include building the Great Wall of China that was massive project stretching over 1400 miles to safeguard against attacks by nomadic people in the north standardized weights, measures, and coinage building roads, canals, irrigation, piddle conservancy projects his tomb with life-sized warriors use of conscripted labor and the implementation of Legalism as the original philosophy of the realm. Each of these was designed primarily to increase the centralized power of the Qin leader and his state.Babylonians were great mathematicians, who worked fractions, whole numbers and square roots as well as some of the elementary theorems of geometry (Lecture). Starting from the foundations of the Sumerians, the Babylonians made advances in arithmetic, geome try, and algebra. Buddhism, the most profound intellectual influences from India on the surrounding regions was in science and mathematics. During the period from the second century BCE until the second century CE India was an importer of scientific and mathematical concepts from the Greco-Roman and Persian spheres.Greek geometry, made its way into northern India during this time. Concepts of Indian health regimens-some involving yoga discipline-along with the vast body of Indian medicine, with its extensive knowledge of herbal remedies, also seem to have moved west. In the area of mathematics and astronomy an important synthesis of ideas took place in the developing the first Indian calendars, which were based on the lunar months, through a course consisted of six seasons and an intercalary period was inserted every 30 months to make up the difference with the solar year.The Indians then adopted the calendar of the eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia, which had a 7 day week, a 24-hour day, and a 365-day solar year-along with the 12 zodiacal signs of the Greco-Roman world (Von Sivers 264). The earthenware produced during the Tang dynasty 618 CE is among the most coveted in the world today. Perhaps even more impressive, by this time, too, artisans were producing a kind of proto-porcelain that, with increasing refinement, would be know in the succeed centuries to the outside world as china (Von Sivers 284).Throughout history, humans have adapted their ideas to their environment and learned to overcome obstacles, thus paving the way for new elements of technology. Humans expressed themselves and communicated with one another in sophisticated ways through paintings, sculptures, and the decorative arts as well as writing, construction, and metals. Of more recent, humans invented writing systems that gave birth to many forms of literature. Humans have wrestled with ideas and beliefs regarding technology.

Art and culture of Orissa Essay

Orissa boasts of a rich and vibrant cultural heritage naturally caused by a long history of different rulers of varied cultural and artistryistic inclinations. bring forward confluence of racial streams has besides enriched the art, craft and ending of Orissa in no uncertain terms. Orissa is particularly famous for its brass work, silver work, terracotta art objects and appliqu work, in any event its unique handloom.The culture of Orissa, India, makes for an interesting study. Situated along the Bay of Bengal coast, Orissa is an Indian differentiate that exemplifies the unique and commendable blend of ancient glory and advanced(a) initiative. Orissa is a place where nature unfurls her one of the most beauteous brasss. unmixed beaches, rivers, gorgeous waterfalls and majestic hills all contribute in accentuating the appeal of the state as a popular tourist destination. The culture of Orissa also generates appreciable interest among both the domestic and the foreign travelers. Orissa is largely rural and the traditional values that are still retained form an integral aspect of the Orissa culture. Orissas strategic geographical location has engendered the assimilation of the culture of the Aryans and the Dravidians. The culture of Orissa can very well be described as an Indo-cultural synthesis.Orissa art and craft constitutes a major portion of the culture of Orissa. The art of Orissa underwent unnumbered changes and is a product of a number of assimilations and imbibitions. Orissa is known for its sand arts, Patta Chitra, ribbon Leaf Paintings, Jhoti, Chita and Muruja. The Orissan artists are unsurpassed in their skill.Orissa boasts of a glorious tradition of dance and music. The figurines of dancers and musicians gracing the walls of the quaint temples in Orissa speak volumes about the rich melodic heritage of the state. Odissi music is the classical art that has imbibed the elements common to the Hindustani and Karnatik music. The Odissi dance, Chha u bounce, Mahari dance, the jatra, pala and Daskarhia hold in of an inextricable part of the culture of Orissa. The sacred environs of Lord steamroller temple, the eroticism of Konarks temperateness temple, the wondrous caves of Jainism, the mystical monasteries of Buddhism, the paintings of folklore and the weavers magic all stand as meek evidences of an eloquent onetime(prenominal) and continuing golden present of Orissa.FAIRS AND FESTIVALSBesides celebrating the important festivals like Dusshera, Durga Puja, Diwali and Holi, Orissa also has its own share of numerous festivals celebrated with frolic and vivacity. The most freehanded Puri festival comprises of Rath Yatra, Chandan Yatra and Devasnana purnima. While the Puri Beach festival is a fun lovers fest, the Konark Dance festival marks a befitting tribute to the magnificent Sun temple at Konark.

Brotherhood: Natalie Portman and Brothers

Brotherhood is deeper than any words disregard in reality explain, for it is a responsibility and a bond between people. Basically, it is a radical of people coming together for a common purpose however, these people sell a stronger connection that few sewer understand. It is almost like a family, for individually familiar exhibits chum-like qualities, in the respect that they mission for you and try to help you out. From my experience with my brother back home, brothers may not ever so agree with you and they might argue with you sometimes, excuse by the end of the day, they be still there for you.It is that bond between you that separates you from a lot of other people, and it is up to a brother to uphold his end of the bond, for he has to educate sure it is strong. He needfully to be responsible and never allow his brothers down. For example, in my past (although this may await kind of sad on my part), my brother has broken my arm, hit me with a bat, thrown and twis ted a brick at me, and chipped my tooth, b arely I remained loyal to him. Up to this day, he and I are closer than ever. And of course I was mad at the time, when that all happened, but I knew deep down in grimace theres still a matter of love and respect from genius another.That is another thing about wedlock it stick outnot be walked away from because once you are a part of a brotherhood, you are brothers for life. Brothers are there for you when you are at your best and worst, standing by your attitude at all time. Although things may have the appearance _or_ semblance horrible at the time, brothers can really make you look past it and make you look at the bright side of things. Overall, brothers make up a brotherhood, and these brothers steep their values in you so you can be taught right and hopefully, become a better person for it.

Chemistry Lab

The pKa of an undiscovered region Acid-Base indicant By Josephine Hong Lab t for each oneer Yue Zhang Due April 5, 2013 Submitted April 5, 2013 Abstract In this lab, the pKa of the obscure index number of expression was determined twain softly and quantitatively. To verify our mathematical operations, the experiment was time- tried and true utilize a enduren power, bromocresol atomic number 19. Qualitatively, we employ the falsify veer of the etymon with indicant to obtain the pKa value solely employ a pH meter. Quantitatively, we apply a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying assiduousnesss of the corrosive and prow.The level best wavelengths of absorbance utilize to quantify the dissociated and undissociated forms of the bromocresol greens were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm (blue dissociated). For the unfathomable exponent, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm (red, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol gree n, the through an experiment obtained pKa value measured qualitatively was 4. 04. Quantitatively, the pKa came bulge to be 4. 16. The sh atomic number 18age defect (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the same executions to be use to determine the pKa value of the unnamed exponent, exponent of Freedom.Indicator was Freedom was found to bring a pKa value of 5. 32 qualitatively essay writer typer. On the some some other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. installation This lab applies the concept of an indicator dye, which is in general a weak unpleasant that castrates warp when reacting with the amount of hydronium ion in a source. Thus, the qualitative part of the lab assumes that at the superman where the theme miscellaneas gloss into an intermediate shadowiness of the two, the niggardlinesss of HIn and In- is approximately liken. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for them he pH pits pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate primary is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative dole bring out of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a certain absorbance of a ancestor can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into comity the uttermost wavelength of the two dis colouriseize. Experimental segment To reduce the deals of acid and base requisite and the amount of time to complete the lab, the deport solutions of strong acid and base were thin out to at least one-fourth their jump amount.Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to two(prenominal) pullulate solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to bring on 2 new 80 mL thin solutions. Part 1 conclusion pKa Qualitatively 25 mL solution of the weaken NaOH with 3 drops of indicator was titrated against the weaken HCl drop wise until a contort channel occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were interpreted with a pH meter when in that respect was a color change. Determining the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when virulent and blue when basic, the read/write head of color change to measure pH was when the solution sullen green.Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidulent and blue when basic, which established the orientate of color change to be purple. These locomote were performed trine times for both the hunchn and foreigner indicators to find an average pKa value. Part 2 subprogram pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative decision of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prepargond with 3 drops of indicator. despite the varying concentrations of each solution, the total loudness stayed constant at 20 mL.Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance were determined first by utilize solutions of pure acid and base with tierce drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured forward placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values utilise the spectrophotometer. These steps were performed for both the known and unfathomable quantity indicator. Results postpone 1 Qualitative info for Bromocresol spirt Trial pH 1 3. 82 2 3. 93 3 4. 36 comely 4. 04 Calculation of middling circumvent 2 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol immature HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator Concentration (M) . 028 . 0962 (nm) 440 616 source Color Yellow Blue Absorbance . 116 . 243 tabular array 3 Quantitative entropy for Bromocresol light-green Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 14 6 3. 50 . 055 . 015 9 10 4. 39 . 044 . 048 7 13 5. 30 . 024 . 103 Figure 1 Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol one thousand Percent Error Calculation for Bromocresol jet plane misplay *pKa of Bromocresol greenish was found online dodge 4 Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial pH 1 5. 50 2 5. 33 3 5. 12 Average 5. 32 defer 5 Maximu m Absorbance and for Bromocresol spirt HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator Concentration (M) . 1028 . 0962 (nm) 505. 96 601. 66 consequence Color Red Blue Absorbance . 703 . 945 panel 6 Quantitative Data for Bromocresol commonalty Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 18 2 2. 07 . 360 . 046 14 6 2. 36 . 374 . 048 10 10 3. 88 . 347 . 087 10 10 3. 04 . 312 . 041 9 11 9. 35 . 148 1. 127 9. 5 10. 5 5. 95 . 171 . 686 9. 75 10. 25 5. 45 . 230 . 424 9. 25 10. 75 9. 13 . 146 . 913 Figure 2 graphical record of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom railleryThe qualitative part of the lab had get on for a lot of errors. The unreli business leader of ocular observation of the slight color change in solution could gather in dramatically affected the results. Because the through an experiment determined pKa was slight than the actual pKa for both cases, strong fair to middling color change were probably not prised. Since the titration was performed roughly victimisation drops, the drops could grow added to a greater extent acid than inevitable, resulting in a little pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plotting the data, with absorbance as a function of pH. in that location will be two give away lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors.The convergence of these two lines will indicate the elevation at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the cross denominate pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the crossover signal of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the crossing of both curves The procedure for purpose of bromocresol green pKa appeared to excite worked, because the per centum error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions.Moreover, the maximum waveleng th is crucial because it is used as a standard to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the grouchy color produced by the solution is. It is great to measure the absorbance levels at these standardized wavelengths to salvage the data consistent and to have the king to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to set or ad exactly the readings. Finally, a extra number of data points when determining the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment.Chemistry LabThe pKa of an unsung Acid-Base Indicator By Josephine Hong Lab teacher Yue Zhang Due April 5, 2013 Submitted April 5, 2013 Abstract In this lab, the pKa of the unknown indicator of expression was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. To verify our procedures, the experiment was tested using a known indicator, bromocresol green. Qualitatively, we used the color change of the solution with indicator to obtain the pKa value solely using a pH meter. Quantitatively, we used a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying concentrations of the acid and base.The maximum wavelengths of absorbance used to quantify the dissociated and undissociated forms of the bromocresol green were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm (blue dissociated). For the unknown indicator, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm (red, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol green, the experimentally obtained pKa value measured qualitatively was 4. 04. Quantitatively, the pKa came out to be 4. 16. The percentage error (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the same procedures to be used to determine the pKa value of the unknown indicator, Indicator of Freedom.Indicator was Freedom was found to have a pKa value of 5. 32 qualitatively essay writer typer. On the other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. entrance This lab applies the concept of an indicator dye, which is in the main a weak acid that changes colors when reacting with the amount of hydronium ion in a solution. Thus, the qualitative part of the lab assumes that at the point where the solution changes color into an intermediate vestige of the two, the concentrations of HIn and In- is approximately equal. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for them he pH equals pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate base is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative arrogate of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a certain absorbance of a solution can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into contemplation the maximum wavelength of the two colors. Experimental dent To reduce the volumes of acid and base needed and the amount of time to complete the lab, the stock solutions of strong acid and base were diluted to at least one-fourth their commencement amount.Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to both stock solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to nominate 2 new 80 mL diluted solutions. Part 1 Finding pKa Qualitatively 25 mL solution of the diluted NaOH with 3 drops of indicator was titrated against the diluted HCl drop wise until a color change occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were taken with a pH meter when in that respect was a color change. Determining the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when sulfurous and blue when basic, the point of color change to measure pH was when the solution glowering green.Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidic and blue when basic, which established the point of color change to be purple. These steps were performed cardinal times for both the known and unknown indicators to find an average pKa value. Part 2 Finding pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative determination of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prepared with 3 drops of indicator. disdain the varying concentrations of each solution, the total volume stayed constant at 20 mL.Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance were determined first by using solutions of pure acid and base with tercet drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured originally placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values using the spectrophotometer. These steps were performed for both the known and unknown indicator. Results put back 1 Qualitative Data for Bromocresol commons Trial pH 1 3. 82 2 3. 93 3 4. 36 Average 4. 04 Calculation of Average control board 2 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol leafy vegetable HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator Concentration (M) . 028 . 0962 (nm) 440 616 closure Color Yellow Blue Absorbance . 116 . 243 prorogue 3 Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 14 6 3. 50 . 055 . 015 9 10 4. 39 . 044 . 048 7 13 5. 30 . 024 . 103 Figure 1 Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol Green Percent Error Calculation for Bromocresol Green error *pKa of Bromocresol Green was found online Table 4 Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial pH 1 5. 50 2 5. 33 3 5. 12 Average 5. 32 Table 5 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator Concentration (M) . 1028 . 0962 (nm) 505. 96 601. 66 firmness of purpose Color Red Blue Absorbance . 703 . 945 Table 6 Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 18 2 2. 07 . 360 . 046 14 6 2. 36 . 374 . 048 10 10 3. 88 . 347 . 087 10 10 3. 04 . 312 . 041 9 11 9. 35 . 148 1. 127 9. 5 10. 5 5. 95 . 171 . 686 9. 75 10. 25 5. 45 . 230 . 424 9. 25 10. 75 9. 13 . 146 . 913 Figure 2 graphical record of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom tidingsThe qualitative part of the lab had agency for a lot of errors. The unre liability of opthalmic observation of the slight color change in solution could have dramatically affected the results. Because the experimentally determined pKa was less(prenominal) than the actual pKa for both cases, strong large color change were probably not observed. Since the titration was performed roughly using drops, the drops could have added more acid than needed, resulting in a smaller pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plotting the data, with absorbance as a function of pH. thither will be two crock up lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors.The intersection of these two lines will indicate the point at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the intersection point pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the intersection point of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the intersection of both curves The procedure for determination of bromocresol green pKa appeared to have work ed, because the percent error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions.Moreover, the maximum wavelength is crucial because it is used as a standard to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the ill-tempered color produced by the solution is. It is main(prenominal) to measure the absorbance levels at these standardized wavelengths to halt the data consistent and to have the ability to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to correct or adjust the readings. Finally, a hold number of data points when determining the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment.Chemistry LabThe purpose of this lab was to see which solutions are water-soluble and which are not. We were able to see this by mixing ce rtain solutions together and observing changes that occurred. The procedure for this experiment acceptd a some different steps. The first steps were to add the nitrate solutions into the lettered split of the 96-well plate.Once you were done with that, you were supposed to add the atomic number 11 solutions to the numbered parts of the 96-well plate, so that the solutions were added together. You were supposed to observe the different chemical reactions occurring. Once you observed each reaction take place, you needed to learn out your data table. Data Table Solubility Rules TableNegative Ion (Anions) convinced(p) Ions (Cations) Solubility ofCompounds both disconfirming ions are with Alkali ions (Na) soluble tout ensemble negative ions are with Hydrogen (H+) Soluble totally negative ions are with All substantiative ions Soluble Nitrate NO3- ions are with All arrogant ions are Soluble acetate CH COO- ions are 3with All positive ions are Soluble Chloride, Cl-Bromide Br-I odide I- CuAll other positive ions low gear SolubilitySolubleSoluble Sulfate SO 2-4 BaAll other positive ions Low SolubilitySoluble Sulfide S -2 All positive ions Soluble Hydroxide, OH- Ba SolublePhosphate PO 3-4Carbonate CO 2-3Sulfite, SO 2-3 H Soluble Once you put down all of the data, there were a few questions that needed to be answered. A. Compare your results with the solvability rules and/or solubility table in your chemistry text. I would say that my results dour out pretty close to the rules in the text book. I observed numerous different reactions occurring. The colors of the solutions changed from empty to purple, from clear to blue and yellow, and from clear to a off-white white color. There were also changes from a light yellow to a darkening almost orange color. B.Do your results agree with your expectations from the solubility rules/table? My results do agree with my expectations, however, I wasnt expecting all of the solutions to be soluble. C. Which anions broadly form precipitates? What are exceptions? Silver salts, Phosphates, Sulfides, Carbonates, Hydroxides. Exceptions include alkali metals. D. Which anions generally do not form precipitates? What are the exceptions? Nitrates, Alkali metals, ammonium salts, Halides, and Acetates. The exceptions include those mentioned above that would form precipitates. E. Which cations generally do not form precipitates?Na+ generally does not form precipitates. F. discern 10 reactions that produce a precipitate, color change, or gas and write equilibrise chemical equation and a cabbage ionic equation for each. Remember, a reaction may be indicated by the organic law of a precipitate, color change, or the organic law of gas. Record the well numbers of the precipitates you chose for your equations. (Co(No3)2+6H2O)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well A1 (Cu(NO3)2+3H2O )+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well B1 (Fe(NO3)3+9H2)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well C1 (Ba(NO3)2) )+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well D1 (Ni(NO3)2+6H2O)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well E1 (Co(No3)2+6 H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well A5 Cu(NO3)2+3H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well B5 (Fe(NO3)3+9H2)+(NaHCO3)Well C5 (Ba(NO3)2) )+(NaHCO3)Well D5 (Ni(NO3)2+6H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well E5 To curve things up, I found this lab to be easy but confusing at the same time. I am not sure my reactions were all correct because I thought there were supposed to be some that were insoluble, however, I observed reactions occur both time. I would suggest by chance providing better rules for the solubility table because I was a little bit missed with that at first as well. I enjoyed doing this lab, as I do every one, but there were parts of it that just confused me.

Psychology Diagnostic Film Goodwill Hunting Essay

diagnosing The knob is a male in his primal 20s. He presents with a procedure of symptoms associated with antisocial personality overturn. The guest has a account of breaking the law. He has been arrested a function of times for charges ranging from assault to gee theft auto. The guests closely recent arrest was the result of a street fight which led to the lymph gland punching the arresting officer.After getting protrude of jail on bail the invitee started picking a fight with well-nigh new(prenominal)(a) psyche, however, this encounter did non egest to corporeal violence. In addition to this hi falsehood, the guest partakes in a publication of high fortune behaviors including drinking and smoking. He has a history of being in and out of boost homes and juvenile detention as a child. there is a history of physiologic pervert. He currently lives only if. The customer is truly effectual, quiet, and guarded. He has a noniceable conundrum with some(prenomi nal) authority figure. The guest besides has a t arrestency to make up stories.According to the DSM criteria, it is clear that this lymph gland has a personality disorder. General criteria for personality disorders argon detailed in the fol showtimeing paragraphs (Morrison, 1995). The individual moldiness(prenominal) present with symptoms that deviate from their culture. Specifically, they moldiness exhibit at least twain of the following disagreement in affect, cognition, caprice control, or interpersonal surgical operation. This lymph node displays deviation in cognition and impulse control. He is extremely intelligent however, he did non bear upon on to college and currently kit and caboodle as a janitor. Based on his bit behavior, it step forwards the lymph gland feels former(a)s are against him.During therapy seances, the guest made up stories and jokes due to his veto thoughts toward therapy. It is as well as clear that he feels others were against him or try ing to hurt him. This is seen in his unfitness to form close births. He as well as displays impulse control, again evidenced by his continual fighting. For these symptoms to be categorized as a personality disorder they moldiness affect the individuals personal and social action and last a long time, fountain in childhood.This customers fighting ca utilise him to spend time in jail. Additionally, his lies, guardedness, and ridiculous cognitions resulted in the break up of him and his girlfriend. These symptoms switch been present since childhood, as the lymph node has fatigued time in juvenile detention. Finally, these symptoms bottom of the inning non be attributed to any other mental health disorder or medical condition. Neither of these types of conditions is present.            Specific to unsociable genius ailment, symptoms must have began so ch angstromionr 15 years old. These embarrass reiterate violations of witn esss, age appropriate norms, or others rights. Specific symptoms in maturity date include aggression against people or animals, property destruction, lying or theft, and near rule violations. To meet criteria the individual must display at least ternary of these symptoms. The client clearly had aggression issues toward other, as evidenced by his repeatedly starting fights. He in addition had a frame of prior arrests for assault. It was too noted that he had been arrested for grand theft auto. This client similarly has a tendency to lie. He was not selective to who he lied to either. cardinal ex amperele of this was with his girlfriend.He told her he was from a big family and has 12 brothers. The client also lied in the beginning of his therapy sessions. As noted this client does not appear to have any bloc I diagnosing, however additional information is necessary. His Axis II diagnosis is Antisocial genius Disorder. there was no report of any medical condition.  Thi s client is experiencing a number of Axis IV psychosocial stressors.The client is intelligent however he has a low paying job. His educational stressors begin with the professor begins putting excessively much pull on him regarding the mathematical proofs. Finally, he lives al unmatched and there is a history of natural annoyance. The step may be a root cause of his behaviors as an adult. The clients GAF is 80. His behaviors are causing fusss in his life however, the client is able to negociate from him egotism and hold down employment. Axis I 799.9 DeferredAxis II Antisocial Personality DisorderAxis 3 no(prenominal)Axis IV psychosocial stressors occupational, educational, lives alone, history of abuseAxis V 80 morals            There are a number of ethical violations throughout the course of the film. champion condition of the clients sacque from jail was that he attends therapy sessions. During the first both(prenomina l) therapy sessions the professor and his graduate student were in the room with the client and the healer. Even though the professor was legally responsible for the client, clients steady have the right to confidentiality. Finally, the third healer honored the clients rights. When the therapy session began he asked the other two to leave.            This therapist, however, also violated ethics on a number of occasions. During the first session with the client, he took the clients comments about his wife personally. To stand up for his wife, the therapist lunged at the client and choked him at the alike time threatening him. In a less direct way the therapist was harsh with the client in the beginning. He did not seem to treat the client in an unbiased helping way. There is also the issue of physical contact. The therapist knew the client had experienced physical abuse as a child. However, he laboured the client to hug him near the end of the film. While this ended up to be the therapeutic push the client needed to open up it could have caused more than emotional harm.  This therapist also used derogatory language with the client which is a violation to ethics.            The main character was not the only character in this story who displayed overt behaviors. The therapist and the professor both expressed their own personal vises throughout the film. The professor was a perfectionist and tried to knock up this onto the client. He became visibly frustrated when the client was not interested in inveterate with his mathematical work or tending the job interviews.There was also tenseness between him and the therapist due in part to this perfectionist status. However, throughout the film, the professor well-educated that not everyone had the same ambitions as he and sometimes being perfect did not matter. The therapist also expressed some overt behaviors. The main one was when he lost control during the first concussion with his client. Throughout the therapy sessions the therapist also break information about him self-importance.Second Diagnosis            Some of the symptoms this client displayed could be diagnosed as Major Depressive disorder. To met criteria for this disorder the individual must experience five of the following symptoms with in the same two weeks depressed image almost everyday, loss of interest in regular activities, weight gain or loss exceeding 5% of their regular(prenominal) weight, too little or too much sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, poor concentration, or self-destructive ideation. Additionally, these symptoms are such that others notice changes in the individuals behavior. This client exhibited a number of these symptoms. When hanging out with his friends, he was typically quite and withdrawn. He also seemed to lose interest in typical activit ies specifically, spending time at the banish with his friends. On one such occasion, he stated that he didnt extremity to hang out and just cherished to go home.The client also displayed a loss of sleep. In one pellet the client was still awake after hanging out all night. His self worth was also low. He did not feel that he was worthy for happiness. This attitude was seen throughout the film, specifically, when he was talking to the therapist and during a fight with his girl friend. There also was a conversation with his scoop up friend regarding his potential. He stated that he was not going anywhere and their kids would create up together. Finally, he exhibited a minute problem with his concentration. During therapy sessions the client tended to jump from one topic to another. Taking these symptoms into consideration, this clients official diagnosis would be as followsAxis I Major Depressive DisorderAxis II deferredAxis III noneAxis III noneAxis IV psychosocial stressors occupational, educational, lives alone, history of abuseAxis V 80            This diagnosis was not chosen, however, due to the onset of the clients symptoms. He began exhibiting symptoms in his childhood. typically disorders such as conduct disorder which involves behaviors such as fighting and rule violations as a child lead to personality disorders as an adult. While this client may have presented with some depressive symptoms, this is not the strongest diagnosis for this client.Treatment             Two disparate types of intercession are presented in this film. First, with one of the first therapist was hypnotism. This treatment is typically used to take an individual backbone to a previous time, usually childhood. The inclination is for the client to relive a traumatic event in a full environment in order to engender to terms with what happened. This client however, was guarded and ag ainst treatment and made jokes during the treatment.            Psychoanalysis was used with the other two therapists. Again with the first therapist, the client was guarded and did not cooperate with the treatment, reservation a joke and putting the therapist down. The last therapist however, made promote with the client. With this type of treatment, the final stage is to get the client talking about the events of their life in order to solve problems on their own. It is also often helpful for clients to have a sounding board. This treatment was successful because the therapist met the client on his level.He did not try to pry into the clients history prematurely.  One important setting to psychoanalytic therapy is building a relationship between the client and the therapist (Andreason & B pretermit, 2006). This therapy technique also involves verbal colloquy (Andreason & Black, 2006). This is helpful with high functioning clients who are capable of introspection. When the therapist is nonjudgmental the client feels comfortable to disclose information. designed that the client is very high functioning, this is the best therapy for him.Goals for Treatment            One of the clients issues was his recurring run-ins with the law. The first goal for this client would be to decrease number of arrests. Objectives would include the following (a) attend anger anxiety group therapy, (b) avoid situations that may bring home the bacon the opportunity to get in trouble, and (c) continue with individual therapy to get to the root of the clients anger issues. Another problem the client has is his negative attitude toward authority. The goal for this issue would be to increase find for authority.This would be achieved by (a) continued individual therapy and (b) finding a male employment model. Finally, the client has low self delight in which may be leading to hi s lack of ambition. The goal here would be for the client to participate in activities to increase his self esteem. This can be achieved with the following objectives (a) prescribed self affirmations on a mundane basis and (b) introspection exercises. This client experienced a lot of trauma as a child which has negatively abnormal his adulthood. Therefore, both the therapist and the client must be patient to see changes.ReferencesAndreasen, N. C. & Black, D. W. (2006). Introductory textbook of psychiatry quaternary ed. Washington DC. American Psychiatric Publishers.Bender, L. (1997). respectable Will Hunting.Morrison J. (1995). DSM-IV made easy. The Guilford public press New            York.

Econ Why People Skip Class Essay

I have be intimate to the conclusion that students burn classes because of their own chaste beliefs and purpose fashioning process, difficulty in the class and the genuine, and how hobbyed they atomic number 18 in the vanquish. The decision making is affected by influences typically from other students more or less of the time. To the blow students typically use practical decision making process that range from compare advantages and disadvantages of attending lectures, also calculating the encroachment of their workload, and attempting to optimize their use of time. Difficulty in the class and cloth stand break to be that if they dont induce the material challenging or if they are doing well in the class, they may fall to allot time they would otherwise blow over on the class (including attending lectures) to classes they strike more challenging, especially at the busiest and most pressure filled times of the semester. persist and not least is the interest of the subject by the student. Its common sense that a student would attend class if his interest is high in that course, but if not interested students would tend to slack and expose it easy to abolish themselves from the class, However this is beyond the profs control. Generally I have tack that if a student generally finds the material the professor is teaching interesting, and he/she is able-bodied to connect with students through lecture (put in a way that makes sense), then the professor doesnt have trouble making the material interesting for students. The opportunity make up for this hypothecs is if you dont have profound decision making, or understanding the material thats presented to you, and not interested in the class, you are more than likely to skip classes.

General Motors Essay

A car for every(prenominal) bag and purpose Alfred P Sloan Jr, Former chairman & CEO familiar gets. everyday Motors, wiz of the worlds voluminousst simple machinemakers, traces its grow posterior to xcl8. With its ball-shaped headquarters in Detroit, GM employs 205,000 people in every major region of the world and does merchandise line in some 157 countries.GM and its strategical partners produce cars and trucks in 31 countries, and tell on and service these vehicles finished the following brands Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Jiefang, Opel, Vauxh either and Wuling. GMs fully grownst national marketplace is the get together States, followed by China, Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Italy. fede symmetryn storey usual Motors was founded on Wednesday, September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding conjunction for Buick by William C. Durant. Durant started acquiring many companies standardised Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Cartercar, El more, Ewing, Pontiac etc.Durant deep in thought(p) control of GM in 1910 to a bankers trust, collect to the mountainous amount of debt (around $1 million) taken on in its acquisitions. Durant left the firm and co-founded the Chevrolet Motor Company in 1911 with Louis Chevrolet. After a brilliant stock buy back campaign, he re unfreezeed to head GM in 1916. GM surpassed Ford Motor Company in gross r yetue in the raw(a)-fang conduct 1920s thanks to the attractorship of Alfred P. Sloan. Sloan was inventing in the buff ways of managing a complex planetary organization, while paying special oersight to consumer demands.Car buyers no chronic cute the cheapest and just about basic model they treasured style, power, and prestige, which GM offered them. During the 1920s and 1930s, General Motors expect control of the Yellow Coach flock political party, and helped create Greyhound bus lines. They replaced intercity train cristal with buses. GM needs a smell of urgency regarding revising a strategic plan that incorporates the next generation of vehicles. In decent aways global parsimony and highly competitive motorcar constancy GM has no time to procrastinate. As stated,GM has just too some(prenominal)(prenominal) at risk in not bonny an manufacturing leader in alternate(a) force out engine room. supply-economy legislation is sparking the race. This is a critical time in political machine assiduity with many threats, but opportunities as well. The next several geezerhood exit redefine GM. Vision narration The GM passel is as follows GMs vision is to be the world leader in transportation productions and related services. GM pass on earn our customers enthusiasm through with(predicate) continuous improvement driven by the integrity, teamwork, and creation of GM people.The proposed new vision for GM is as follows For GM to get down the self-propelling effort leader in alternate(a) burned vehicles and providing su perior prime(a) products that global consumers call to mind when they imagine of quality and innovation. My vision for GM is to be the industry leader in innovation, and where all other industry competition strives to imitate. explosive charge Statement The accepted GM agency statements argon as follows Drive improvements in market office, revenue, brands, people, responsiveness, and cost effectiveness through the implementation of global common inflection and best practice sharing.The new proposed boot statement entrust be as follows GM result hold out an industry leader, not a follower. To regain lost market parcel out that was lost to overseas competition, and formerly once more be the auto industry leader in sales and market share in todays global market. Values Statement The auto industry just like the global economy is going through tremendous change, due to rising fuel prices, and surroundal worries, such(prenominal) as global warming. GM must use these threats as opportunities, and take wages of changing consumer acquire habits.GM needs to change consumer perceptual experience of the company, from a dull, poor quality, vehicles to innovative, quality, and environmentally chummy company. To do this GM must portray an image that states that GM values what the consumer wants and what the environment needs. Listen to what consumers are saying immediately and indirectly about GMs current products, and create innovative, green, vehicles that turn consumers into customers. At the same time provide GM stakeholders pride and financial incentives to remain with GM. environmental abridgment GM and the entire auto industry are currently challenged with the pure(a) storm.The auto industry is being c oncern by a weak US and global economy, rising fuel prices, and genial and political environmental concerns and issues. In dress to overcome these potential threat, GM should make do mass producing a range of alternative fueled vehicles, i. e. fuel cell, electric, and cross. SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Large Market Share Although GMs market share in the US has dropped it is still very much competitive at 26 percent. They also have an increasing share in the Chinese market. With the right decisions there is no reason for GM to not run low the self-propelling leader it once was. . spherical Experience As explained above even with GMs recent disdain they still have the market share and the experience to bounce back. They have been a world liberal company for nearly a century without delay and have schematic themselves as the global leader for most of them. If you recall I mentioned above that a current hazard for GM is to pass globally and as we can expert they already have the experience to do so. It is just a matter of the settle planning and proper implementation of those plans that ordain decided whether or not GMs goals are achieved. 3. Variety of grass NamesGM as I mentioned has been the automotive leader for the majority of the expiry century. A large reason for that is the wide variety of quality brand call that appeal to all target markets. The current GM brands include Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, Saab, Daewoo, Opel, and Holden. 4. GMAC Customer pay Program Since its establishment in 1919 it has prove to be GMs most reliable source of revenue. 5. OnStar Satellite engineering break outed in 1996 OnStar currently has over 3 million subscribers and is standard on all GM vehicles.This technology allows the vehicles to be tracked in the event of an nip or theft. It also allows the driver and or passengers the ability to communicate with OnStar personnel at the click of a button. Weaknesses 1. Behind on choice Energy Movement This is GMs biggest weakness. The alternative energy/hybrid trend has begun to take place in the automotive industry and GM has been one flavor behind the competition in terms of alternative energy vehicles. This has led to man y problems including loss of market share and a decrease in company meshing.In order for any automotive company to be successful from this spot forward they must be cross friendly and fuel efficient. 2. Poor organizational Structure As we can come up in exhibit 1 of the show field GMs organizational social system seems to be too vertically integrated. This causes a lack of communication between employees from pennant to bottom and may have contend a part in GM falling behind on the alternative energy movement. 3. Stagnant Profitability looking for at GMs profit we see that they are certainly struggle with respect to the size of their company.Their profit borderline was about 1. 5% and the ROE has dramatically decreased over the recent years dropping to 10% in 2004. This is a situation that shareholders exit not be pleased with. 4. Overly symbiotic on US market GM has become too parasitic on the US market and must take advantage of the opportunity to expand globally. T he competition is becoming too strong to cerebrate on just one country. 5. Overly Dependent on General Motors Acceptance Corporation(GMAC) financial support GM has become too dependent on its financing program.Granted it is a great strength for GM, however they once again cannot rely solely on financing in order to turn profit, especially if they want to compete with Honda and Toyota who are rapidly growing. 6. Poor Credit place GMs credit billet has like everything else has been steadily declining. Their current ratio is just barely above 1 and their acid test is even lower. Although, I dont see them acquire denied based on their credit at this point, the seriousness of the matter is certainly apparent. Opportunities 1. Alternative Energy movementIt is obvious that GM was behind its competition with regards to the research and information of hybrid vehicles. However hybrid technology is still very much new giving GM the opportunity to once again become the automotive industry s leader in innovation and technology. 2. Continuing to Expand Globally. Recently GM saw an increase in the Chinese automotive market, which proves their needs to be more emphasis put on distant markets. If GM can infiltrate these markets and successfully grow along with their continuing focus on the US market they will be headed in a irrefutable direction. . Low Interest Rates With the right marketing strategy the low by-line rates have the potential to translate an immediate increase in sales. 4. Develop New Vehicle Styles and Models This is an opportunity that will never be satisfied, meaning that GM should always be attempting to develop the automotive worlds most popular vehicles, and as we know, what is in today will be out tomorrow. Threats 1. acclivitous Fuel Prices With GM being a large producer in both trucks and SUVs, sales have drastically decreased due to the lack of fuel efficiency.The rise in fuel prices has played a hearty role in creating the opportunity for breeding of both hybrid and more fuel efficient vehicles. As you will risk with most threats, an equal opportunity will usually emerge as is the case here with GMs opportunity mentioned above. 2. Growth of Competitors GM no longer has the luxury of being the known leader in the automotive industry and faces the ingenuousness that they are in serious trouble. As I mentioned earlier Toyota took the first step in the direction of hybrid echnology and has since drastically grown and become the questionable automotive frontrunner to start the 21st century. 3. Pension Payouts. interrupt of this threat is their own doing and the other is just now unavoidable. GM is responsible for providing generous aid benefits to its employees, which at the time seemed like a great idea, however they are now experiencing problems as more and more people begin to collect. 4. Increased Health awe Costs GM, like many large companies with quality employee health care benefits, is experiencing a large financial hit that only gets worse as time continues. . Rising Supply Costs, i. e. Steel Once again this threat affects the entire automotive industry and forces each company to cut manufacturing and production costs as much as possible, without taking away from the quality of the product. marrow Competence The core competence of General Motors is innovation. This is the driving force behind its $190 above turnover. General Motors has been utilizing innovation in service ad technology to secure itself a dominant position in the automobile industry, since 1908.In 1911, it conceptualized, engineered and commercialized the self-starter engine for the first time. Then in 1926, its product Cadillac was the pioneer in devising a nationwide service strategy. In 1996 General Motors introduced OnStar satellite technology which allows equipped vehicles to be tracked in case of an compulsion or theft and allows the passengers to communicate with OnStar personnel. some other new car concept s include minicars such as Chevy Aveo. However in the case of hybrid vehicles, General Motors was inefficient to keep up to the pace of the market demand.