Nitric Oxide (NO) and the Nervous System Essay -- Medicine Biology Res

azotic Oxide (NO) and the Nervous SystemBetter know as an environmental hazard, nitric oxide (NO) is produced in combustion engines and contributes to smog and bitter rain and has been interested in the catalytic destruction of the ozone layer (Lancaster1992). though NO is the bad-boy of the environment, its roles in the body argon extremely different and in some(a) instances can be deleterious or proficient depending on the circumstances. NO has been connected with immune function, control of blood push and hypertension, impotence and penial erection, septic shock, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and macrophage mediated destruction of oncogenic cells (Young1993, Stroh1992). However, its activities in the anxious(p) system may be the most exciting disco truly provided for this eclectic tittle (Koshland1992). Due to NOs radical structure, it is exceedingly reactive and very short-lived within the body (6-15 sec.) fashioning its detection difficult (Lancaster1992) as such, it can therefore be synthesized only on demand since radicals are known to disrupt cellular homeostasis. NO is footling and uncharged and it quickly diffuses through cellular membranes from its site of synthesis making it in example intercellular paracrine-like messenger or poison (Lancaster1992). In the body, NO reacts with oxidoreduction metals such as copper, manganese, or the iron heme-like protein centers, and molecular(a) oxygen forming nitrites and nitrates, the latter(prenominal) constituting the principal manner in which NO is inactivated in vivo (Snyder1992). The enzyme which synthesizes NO, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been cloned and structurally resembles cytochrome P-450 reductase, possessing many sequence homologies and the same physical sites for back of identic... ... in Cells. American Scientist, 80248-259, May/June 1992. Murray, R. K., D. K. Granner, P. A. Mayes, and V. W. Rodwell. Nitric Oxide is the Endothelium Derived Relaxation federal agent a nd is Also an chief(prenominal) Compound in the Nervous System. Harpers Biochemistry, pp 657-658, Appleton & Lange, USA, 1993. Schuman, E. M. and D. V. Madison. A extremity for the Intercellular Messenger Nitric Oxide in lonely(prenominal) Term Potentiation. science, 2541503-1506, Dec. 6, 1991. Snyder, S. H. and D. S. Bredt. biological Roles of Nitric Oxide. Scientific American, 26668-71+, May 1992. Snyder, S. H. Nitric Oxide premier(prenominal) in a New Class of Neurotransmitters. Science, 257494-496, July 24, 1992. Stroh, M. The Root of Impotence Does Nitric Oxide Hold the Key. Science News, 14210-11. July 4, 1992. Young, S. The Bodys Vital Poison. New Scientist, 13736-40, abut 13, 1993. Nitric Oxide (NO) and the Nervous System Essay -- Medicine Biology reticuloendothelial systemNitric Oxide (NO) and the Nervous SystemBetter known as an environmental hazard, nitric oxide (NO) is produced in combustion engines and contributes to smog and acid rain and has been implicated in the catalytic destruction of the ozone layer (Lancaster1992). Though NO is the bad-boy of the environment, its roles in the body are extremely diverse and in some instances can be deleterious or beneficial depending on the circumstances. NO has been connected with immune function, control of blood pressure and hypertension, impotence and penile erection, septic shock, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and macrophage mediated destruction of oncogenic cells (Young1993, Stroh1992). However, its activities in the nervous system may be the most exciting discovery yet for this eclectic molecule (Koshland1992). Due to NOs radical structure, it is highly reactive and very short-lived within the body (6-15 sec.) making its detection difficult (Lancaster1992) as such, it can therefore be synthesized only on demand since radicals are known to disrupt cellular homeostasis. NO is small and uncharged and it rapidly diffuses through cellular membranes from its site of synthesis m aking it in ideal intercellular paracrine-like messenger or poison (Lancaster1992). In the body, NO reacts with redox metals such as copper, manganese, or the iron heme-like protein centers, and molecular oxygen forming nitrites and nitrates, the latter constituting the principal manner in which NO is inactivated in vivo (Snyder1992). The enzyme which synthesizes NO, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been cloned and structurally resembles cytochrome P-450 reductase, possessing many sequence homologies and the same physical sites for binding of identic... ... in Cells. American Scientist, 80248-259, May/June 1992. Murray, R. K., D. K. Granner, P. A. Mayes, and V. W. Rodwell. Nitric Oxide is the Endothelium Derived Relaxation Factor and is Also an Important Compound in the Nervous System. Harpers Biochemistry, pp 657-658, Appleton & Lange, USA, 1993. Schuman, E. M. and D. V. Madison. A Requirement for the Intercellular Messenger Nitric Oxide in Lone Term Potentiation. Science, 2541503 -1506, Dec. 6, 1991. Snyder, S. H. and D. S. Bredt. Biological Roles of Nitric Oxide. Scientific American, 26668-71+, May 1992. Snyder, S. H. Nitric Oxide First in a New Class of Neurotransmitters. Science, 257494-496, July 24, 1992. Stroh, M. The Root of Impotence Does Nitric Oxide Hold the Key. Science News, 14210-11. July 4, 1992. Young, S. The Bodys Vital Poison. New Scientist, 13736-40, March 13, 1993.